<chapter id="themes">
    <title>Themes</title>

    <para>
        Keycloak provides theme support for login forms and account management. This allows customizing the look
        and feel of end-user facing pages so they can be integrated with your brand and applications.
    </para>

    <section>
        <title>Configure theme</title>
        <para>
            To configure the theme used by a realm open the <literal>Keycloak Admin Console</literal>, select your realm
            from the drop-down box in the top left corner. In the <literal>Optional Settings</literal> use the drop-down
            boxes for <literal>Login Theme</literal> and <literal>Account Theme</literal> to select the theme used
            by login forms and account management pages.
        </para>
    </section>

    <section>
        <title>Creating a theme</title>
        <para>
            There are two types of themes in Keycloak, <literal>login</literal> and <literal>account</literal>. Login themes are used to customize the
            login forms, while account themes are used to customize account management. A theme consists of:
            <itemizedlist>
                <listitem><para><ulink url="http://freemarker.org">FreeMarker</ulink> templates</para></listitem>
                <listitem><para>Stylesheets</para></listitem>
                <listitem><para>Scripts</para></listitem>
                <listitem><para>Images</para></listitem>
                <listitem><para>Message bundles</para></listitem>
                <listitem><para>Theme properties</para></listitem>
            </itemizedlist>
        </para>
        <para>
            A theme can extend another theme. When extending a theme you can override individual files (templates, stylesheets, etc.).
            The recommended way to create a theme is to extend the base theme. The base theme provides templates
            and a default message bundle. It should be possible to achieve the customization required by styling these
            templates.
        </para>
        <para>
            To create a new theme, create a folder in <literal>.../standalone/configuration/themes/login</literal> or
            <literal>.../standalone/configuration/themes/account</literal>. The name of the folder is the name of the theme.
            Then create a file <literal>theme.properties</literal> inside the theme folder. The contents of the file should be:
        </para>
        <programlisting>parent=base</programlisting>
        <para>
            You have now created your theme. Check that it works by configuring it for a realm. It should look the same
            as the base theme as you've not added anything to it yet. The next sections will describe how to modify
            the theme.</para>
        <section>
            <title>Stylesheets</title>
            <para>
                A theme can have one or more stylesheets, to add a stylesheet create a file inside <literal>resources/css</literal> (for example <literal>resources/css/styles.css</literal>)
                inside your theme folder. Then registering it in <literal>theme.properties</literal> by adding:
            </para>
            <programlisting>styles=css/styles.css</programlisting>
            <para>
                The <literal>styles</literal> property supports a space separated list so you can add as many
                as you want. For example:
            </para>
            <programlisting>styles=css/styles.css css/more-styles.css</programlisting>
        </section>
        <section>
            <para>
                A theme can have one or more scripts, to add a script create a file inside <literal>resources/js</literal> (for example <literal>resources/js/script.js</literal>)
                inside your theme folder. Then registering it in <literal>theme.properties</literal> by adding:
            </para>
            <programlisting>scripts=js/script.js</programlisting>
            <para>
                The <literal>scripts</literal> property supports a space separated list so you can add as many
                as you want. For example:
            </para>
            <programlisting>scripts=js/script.js js/more-script.js</programlisting>
        </section>
        <section>
            <title>Images</title>
            <para>
                To make images available to the theme add them to <literal>resources/img</literal>. They can then be used
                through stylesheets. For example:
            </para>
            <programlisting>body {
    background-image: url('../img/image.jpg');
}</programlisting>
            <para>
                Or in templates, for example:
            </para>
            <programlisting>&lt;img src="${url.resourcesPath}/img/image.jpg"&gt;</programlisting>
        </section>
        <section>
            <title>Messages</title>
            <para>
                Text in the templates are loaded from message bundles. Currently internationalization isn't supported,
                but that will be added in a later release. A theme that extends another theme will inherit all messages
                from the parents message bundle, but can override individual messages. For example to replace
                <literal>Username</literal> on the login form with <literal>Your Username</literal> create the file
                <literal>messages/messages.properties</literal> inside your theme folder and add the following content:
            </para>
            <programlisting>username=Your Username</programlisting>
        </section>
        <section>
            <title>Modifying HTML</title>
            <para>
                Keycloak uses <ulink url="http://freemarker.org">Freemarker Templates</ulink> in order to generate HTML.
                These templates are defined in <literal>.ftl</literal> files and can be overriden from the base theme.
                Check out the Freemarker website on how to form a template file.
            </para>
        </section>
        <section>
            <title>Full Example Templates</title>
            <para>
                Keycloak comes bundled with some default themes which you cannot view or modify.  The distribution
                also contains full example templates which you can edit directly if you're running the Keycloak appliance
                distro, or which you can install, if you're using the WAR distro.  The name of these full example themes
                is <literal>template</literal> and they contain a complex example for generating all pages related
                to login, error displaying, oauth grant pages, and user account management.
            </para>
            <para>
                For the Keycloak Appliance Distro, these theme files are in the directories
                <literal>${appliance-distro}/keycloak/standalone/configuration/themes/login/template</literal>
                and <literal>${appliance-distro}/keycloak/standalone/configuration/themes/account/template</literal>.
                For the WAR distro, there is a zip file in the examples directory called <literal>keycloak-example-themes-dist.zip</literal>
                which you will need to unzip in the <literal>standalone/configuration</literal> or <literal>domain/configuration</literal>
                directory if the JBoss or Wildfly instance you have deployed Keycloak server to.
            </para>
        </section>
    </section>

    <section>
        <title>SPIs</title>
        <para>
            For full control of login forms and account management Keycloak provides a number of SPIs.
        </para>
        <section>
            <title>Theme SPI</title>
            <para>
                The Theme SPI allows creating different mechanisms to providing themes for the default FreeMarker based
                implementations of login forms and account management. To create a theme provider you will need to implement
                <literal>org.keycloak.freemarker.ThemeProvider</literal> and <literal>org.keycloak.freemarker.Theme</literal> in
                <literal>forms/common-freemarker</literal>.
            </para>
            <para>
                Keycloak comes with two theme providers, one that loads themes from the classpath (used by default themes)
                and another that loads themes from a folder (used by custom themes). Looking at these
                would be a good place to start to create your own theme provider. You can find them inside
                <literal>forms/common-themes</literal> on GitHub or the source download.
            </para>
        </section>
        <section>
            <title>Account SPI</title>
            <para>
                The Account SPI allows implementing the account management pages using whatever web framework or templating
                engine you want. To create an Account provider implement <literal>org.keycloak.account.AccountProviderFactory</literal>
                and <literal>org.keycloak.account.AccountProvider</literal> in <literal>forms/account-api</literal>.
            </para>
            <para>
                Keycloaks default account management provider is built on the FreeMarker template engine (<literal>forms/account-freemarker</literal>).
                To make sure your provider is loaded you will either need to delete <literal>standalone/deployments/auth-server.war/WEB-INF/lib/keycloak-account-freemarker-1.0-beta-1-SNAPSHOT.jar</literal>
                or disable it with the system property <literal>org.keycloak.account.freemarker.FreeMarkerAccountProviderFactory</literal>.
            </para>
        </section>
        <section>
            <title>Login SPI</title>
            <para>
                The Login SPI allows implementing the login forms using whatever web framework or templating
                engine you want. To create a Login forms provider implement <literal>org.keycloak.login.LoginFormsProviderFactory</literal>
                and <literal>org.keycloak.login.LoginFormsProvider</literal> in <literal>forms/login-api</literal>.
            </para>
            <para>
                Keycloaks default login forms provider is built on the FreeMarker template engine (<literal>forms/login-freemarker</literal>).
                To make sure your provider is loaded you will either need to delete <literal>standalone/deployments/auth-server.war/WEB-INF/lib/keycloak-login-freemarker-1.0-beta-1-SNAPSHOT.jar</literal>
                or disable it with the system property <literal>org.keycloak.login.freemarker.FreeMarkerLoginFormsProviderFactory</literal>.
            </para>
        </section>
    </section>

</chapter>
