<chapter id="user_federation">
    <title>User Federation SPI and LDAP/AD Integration</title>
    <para>
        Keycloak can federate external user databases.  Out of the box we have support for LDAP and Active Directory.
        Before you dive into this, you should understand how Keycloak does federation.
    </para>
    <para>
        Keycloak performs federation a bit differently than other products/projects.  The vision of Keycloak is that it
        is an out of the box solution that should provide a core set of feature irregardless of the backend user storage you
        want to use.  Because of this requirement/vision, Keycloak has a set data model that all of its services use.
        Most of the time when you want to federate an external user store, much of the metadata that would be needed to
        provide this complete feature set does not exist in that external store.  For example your LDAP server may only
        provide password validation, but not support TOTP or user role mappings.  The Keycloak User Federation SPI was
        written to support these completely variable configurations.
    </para>
    <para>
        The way user federation works is that Keycloak will import your federated users on demand to its local storage.  How
        much metadata that is imported depends on the underlying federation plugin and how that plugin is configured.  Some
        federation plugins may only import the username into Keycloak storage, others might import everything from name,
        address, and phone number, to user role mappings.  Some plugins might want to import credentials directly into
        Keycloak storage and let Keycloak handle credential validation.  Others might want to handle credential validation
        themselves.  Thegoal of the Federation SPI is to support all of these scenarios.
    </para>
    <section>
        <title>LDAP and Active Directory Plugin</title>
        <para>
            Keycloak comes with a built-in LDAP/AD plugin.  Currently it is set up only to import username, email, first and last name.
            It supports password validation via LDAP/AD protocols and different user metadata synchronization modes.  To configure
            a federated LDAP store go to the admin console.  Click on the <literal>Users</literal> menu option to get you
            to the user management page.  Then click on the <literal>Federation</literal> submenu option.  When
            you get to this page there is an "Add Provider" select box.  You should see "ldap" within this list.  Selecting
            "ldap" will bring you to the ldap configuration page.
        </para>
        <section>
            <title>Edit Mode</title>
            <para>
                Edit mode defines various synchronization options with your LDAP store depending on what privileges
                you have.
                <variablelist>
                    <varlistentry>
                        <term>READONLY</term>
                        <listitem>
                            <para>
                                Username, email, first and last name will be unchangable.  Keycloak will show an error
                                anytime anybody tries to update these fields.  Also, password updates will not be supported.
                            </para>
                        </listitem>
                    </varlistentry>
                    <varlistentry>
                        <term>WRITABLE</term>
                        <listitem>
                            <para>
                                Username, email, first and last name, and passwords can all be updated and will
                                be synchronized automatically with your LDAP store.
                            </para>
                        </listitem>
                    </varlistentry>
                    <varlistentry>
                        <term>UNSYNCED</term>
                        <listitem>
                            <para>
                                Any changes to username, email, first and last name, and passwords will be stored
                                in Keycloak local storage. It is up to you to figure out how to synchronize back to
                                LDAP.
                            </para>
                        </listitem>
                    </varlistentry>
                </variablelist>
            </para>
        </section>
        <section>
            <title>Other config options</title>
            <para>
                <variablelist>
                    <varlistentry>
                        <term>Display Name</term>
                        <listitem>
                            <para>
                                Name used when this provider is referenced in the admin consle
                            </para>
                        </listitem>
                    </varlistentry>
                    <varlistentry>
                        <term>Priority</term>
                        <listitem>
                            <para>
                                The priority of this provider when looking up users or for adding registrations.
                            </para>
                        </listitem>
                    </varlistentry>
                    <varlistentry>
                        <term>Sync Registrations</term>
                        <listitem>
                            <para>
                                If a new user is added through a registration page or admin console, should the user
                                be eligible to be synchronized to this provider.
                            </para>
                        </listitem>
                    </varlistentry>
                    <varlistentry>
                        <term>Other options</term>
                        <listitem>
                            <para>
                                The rest of the configuration options should be self explanatory.
                            </para>
                        </listitem>
                    </varlistentry>
                </variablelist>
            </para>
        </section>
    </section>
    <section>
        <title>Writing your own User Federation Provider</title>
        <para>
            The keycloak examples directory contains an example of a simple User Federation Provider backed by
            a simple properties file.  See <literal>examples/providers/federation-provider</literal>.  Most of how
            to create a federation provider is explain directly within the example code, but some information is here too.
        </para>
        <para>
            Writing a User Federation Provider starts by implementing the <literal>UserFederationProvider</literal>
            and <literal>UserFederationProviderFactory</literal> interfaces.  Please see the Javadoc and example
            for complete details on on how to do this.  Some important methods of note:
            getUserByUsername() and getUserByEmail() require that you query your federated storage and if the user exists
            create and import the user into Keycloak storage.  How much metadata you import is fully up to you.  This
            import is done by invoking methods on the object returned <literal>KeycloakSession.userStorage()</literal>
            to add and import user information.  The proxy() method will be called whenever Keycloak has found an imported
            UserModel.  This allows the federation provider to proxy the UserModel which is useful if you want to support
            external storage updates on demand.
        </para>
        <para>
            After your code is written you must package up all your classes within a JAR file.  This jar file must
            contain a file called <literal>org.keycloak.models.UserFederationProviderFactory</literal>
            within the <literal>META-INF/services</literal> directory of the JAR.  This file is a list
            of fully qualified classnames of all implementations of <literal>UserFederationProviderFactory</literal>.
            This is how Keycloak discovers which providers have been deployment.  Place the JAR in the
            keycloak WAR deployment in the <literal>WEB-INF/lib</literal> directory.
        </para>
    </section>

</chapter>