<chapter id="themes">
<title>Themes</title>
<para>
Keycloak provides theme support for login forms and account management. This allows customizing the look
and feel of end-user facing pages so they can be integrated with your brand and applications.
</para>
<section>
<title>Configure theme</title>
<para>
To configure the theme used by a realm open the <literal>Keycloak Admin Console</literal>, select your realm
from the drop-down box in the top left corner. In the <literal>Optional Settings</literal> use the drop-down
boxes for <literal>Login Theme</literal> and <literal>Account Theme</literal> to select the theme used
by login forms and account management pages.
</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Default themes</title>
<para>
Keycloak comes bundled with default themes in <literal>standalone/configuration/themes</literal>. It is
not recommended to edit these themes directly. Instead you should create a new theme to extend a default
theme. A good reference is to copy the keycloak themes as these extend the base theme to add styling.
</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Creating a theme</title>
<para>
There are several types of themes in Keycloak:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>Account - Account management</listitem>
<listitem>Admin - Admin console</listitem>
<listitem>Common - Shared resources for themes</listitem>
<listitem>Email - Emails</listitem>
<listitem>Login - Login forms</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>
A theme consists of:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://freemarker.org">FreeMarker</ulink> templates</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Stylesheets</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Scripts</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Images</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Message bundles</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Theme properties</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>
A theme can extend another theme. When extending a theme you can override individual files (templates, stylesheets, etc.).
The recommended way to create a theme is to extend the base theme. The base theme provides templates
and a default message bundle. It should be possible to achieve the customization required by styling these
templates.
</para>
<para>
To create a new theme, create a folder in <literal>.../standalone/configuration/themes/< theme type></literal>.
The name of the folder is the name of the theme. Then create a file <literal>theme.properties</literal> inside the theme folder.
The contents of the file should be:
</para>
<programlisting>parent=base</programlisting>
<para>
You have now created your theme. Check that it works by configuring it for a realm. It should look the same
as the base theme as you've not added anything to it yet. The next sections will describe how to modify
the theme.</para>
<section>
<title>Stylesheets</title>
<para>
A theme can have one or more stylesheets, to add a stylesheet create a file inside <literal>resources/css</literal> (for example <literal>resources/css/styles.css</literal>)
inside your theme folder. Then registering it in <literal>theme.properties</literal> by adding:
</para>
<programlisting>styles=css/styles.css</programlisting>
<para>
The <literal>styles</literal> property supports a space separated list so you can add as many
as you want. For example:
</para>
<programlisting>styles=css/styles.css css/more-styles.css</programlisting>
</section>
<section>
<para>
A theme can have one or more scripts, to add a script create a file inside <literal>resources/js</literal> (for example <literal>resources/js/script.js</literal>)
inside your theme folder. Then registering it in <literal>theme.properties</literal> by adding:
</para>
<programlisting>scripts=js/script.js</programlisting>
<para>
The <literal>scripts</literal> property supports a space separated list so you can add as many
as you want. For example:
</para>
<programlisting>scripts=js/script.js js/more-script.js</programlisting>
</section>
<section>
<title>Images</title>
<para>
To make images available to the theme add them to <literal>resources/img</literal>. They can then be used
through stylesheets. For example:
</para>
<programlisting>body {
background-image: url('../img/image.jpg');
}</programlisting>
<para>
Or in templates, for example:
</para>
<programlisting><img src="${url.resourcesPath}/img/image.jpg"></programlisting>
</section>
<section>
<title>Messages</title>
<para>
Text in the templates are loaded from message bundles. Currently internationalization isn't supported,
but that will be added in a later release. A theme that extends another theme will inherit all messages
from the parents message bundle, but can override individual messages. For example to replace
<literal>Username</literal> on the login form with <literal>Your Username</literal> create the file
<literal>messages/messages.properties</literal> inside your theme folder and add the following content:
</para>
<programlisting>username=Your Username</programlisting>
</section>
<section>
<title>Modifying HTML</title>
<para>
Keycloak uses <ulink url="http://freemarker.org">Freemarker Templates</ulink> in order to generate HTML.
These templates are defined in <literal>.ftl</literal> files and can be overriden from the base theme.
Check out the Freemarker website on how to form a template file.
</para>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<title>SPIs</title>
<para>
For full control of login forms and account management Keycloak provides a number of SPIs.
</para>
<section>
<title>Theme SPI</title>
<para>
The Theme SPI allows creating different mechanisms to providing themes for the default FreeMarker based
implementations of login forms and account management. To create a theme provider you will need to implement
<literal>org.keycloak.freemarker.ThemeProvider</literal> and <literal>org.keycloak.freemarker.Theme</literal> in
<literal>forms/common-freemarker</literal>.
</para>
<para>
Keycloak comes with two theme providers, one that loads themes from the classpath (used by default themes)
and another that loads themes from a folder (used by custom themes). Looking at these
would be a good place to start to create your own theme provider. You can find them inside
<literal>forms/common-themes</literal> on GitHub or the source download.
</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Account SPI</title>
<para>
The Account SPI allows implementing the account management pages using whatever web framework or templating
engine you want. To create an Account provider implement <literal>org.keycloak.account.AccountProviderFactory</literal>
and <literal>org.keycloak.account.AccountProvider</literal> in <literal>forms/account-api</literal>.
</para>
<para>
Keycloaks default account management provider is built on the FreeMarker template engine (<literal>forms/account-freemarker</literal>).
To make sure your provider is loaded you will either need to delete <literal>standalone/deployments/auth-server.war/WEB-INF/lib/keycloak-account-freemarker-1.0-beta-1.jar</literal>
or disable it with the system property <literal>org.keycloak.account.freemarker.FreeMarkerAccountProviderFactory</literal>.
</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Login SPI</title>
<para>
The Login SPI allows implementing the login forms using whatever web framework or templating
engine you want. To create a Login forms provider implement <literal>org.keycloak.login.LoginFormsProviderFactory</literal>
and <literal>org.keycloak.login.LoginFormsProvider</literal> in <literal>forms/login-api</literal>.
</para>
<para>
Keycloaks default login forms provider is built on the FreeMarker template engine (<literal>forms/login-freemarker</literal>).
To make sure your provider is loaded you will either need to delete <literal>standalone/deployments/auth-server.war/WEB-INF/lib/keycloak-login-freemarker-1.0-beta-1.jar</literal>
or disable it with the system property <literal>org.keycloak.login.freemarker.FreeMarkerLoginFormsProviderFactory</literal>.
</para>
</section>
</section>
</chapter>